Academic Backwardness Reasons’ Scale by G. Tiwari, R. Galundia and S. Jain (English)

This scale consists 42 items divided into Six Areas—I. Reflection, II. Teaching Learning Process, III. Autonomy of Learner, IV. Authority of Teachers, V. Development of Competencies, VI. Assessment. .It was administered on Secondary & Senior Secondary Level Teachers.

1This scale consists 35 items divided into eight Dimensions: I. Lesson Planning, II. Classroom Management, III. Knowledge of Subject, IV. Interpersonal Relationships, V. Development of Teaching Learning Material, VI. Time Management, VII. Evaluation Process during Teaching-Learning, and VIII. Competencies related to working with Parents Community and other agencies. It is standardized on 700 Secondary School Teachers.